Connects promotional authority, investigative journalism, and labeling reform in the whiskey–patent-medicine boundary.
The causal role of the exposé and individual endorsement disputes should be checked against the articles, court records, and legal histories before publication.
English reports that Duffy's ads used priest, doctor, and nurse endorsements—some fabricated or unauthorized—and that Samuel Hopkins Adams attacked the brand in his 1905 Great American Fraud series, which contributed to pressure for the 1906 Pure Food and Drug Act.
PDF sheet 222
Chapter 7 — Patent Medicines
Checked against extracted text for PDF sheet 222 during the complete 359-sheet review and against the sequential visual pass on 2026-08-26.
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