Use as a legal-research map; verify every historical holding and statutory detail in the cited primary source.
The legal history is compressed and synthesized from statutes, cases, agency materials, and whiskey-law scholarship.
The Note traces a line from nineteenth-century conflict over straight and rectified whiskey through federal purity, bond, and labeling controls to modern standards of identity.
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Part II — Historical development of identity standards
Text and locator verified; policy, technical, or current-law inference remains subject to review against the complete article on 2026-09-04. The article’s proposal-stage account is historically verified, but current law must be taken from T.D. TTB-199 and current 27 CFR. TTB finalized the standard on December 18, 2024, effective January 19, 2025.
September27 historical-check correction
The article’s later printed554–555 discussion of the1987rule misstates a general four-to-two-year straight-whisky change. T.D.ATF-259,52FR41419–41421 explicitly concerns mixtures; ordinary straightwhisky already requiredtwo years. Boundedprimarypassage fullyread and41421visuallychecked. See 