The study sampled 193 observations across 48 batches at three Kentucky distilleries: A contributed 28 batches, B nine and C eleven. Sweet/sour mash and cooling arrangements vary with facility, so facility differences do not isolate causal effects of those process choices.
Methods: Mash sampling; Table 3; Discussion
Methods: Mash sampling; Table 3; Discussion
Reviewed main HTML and seven figures; section locator checked. Supplement unavailable; source remains Partial Source.
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Evidence
Paraphrase and bounded research assessment, not a direct quotation.
The study sampled 193 observations across 48 batches at three Kentucky distilleries: A contributed 28 batches, B nine and C eleven. Sweet/sour mash and cooling arrangements vary with facility, so facility differences do not isolate causal effects of those process choices.
Location and context
Methods: Mash sampling; Table 3; Discussion. Main article HTML reviewed; original section/table/figure labels used instead of unverified PDF page locators.
Annotation
Verification concerns fidelity to the reviewed main article, not independent validation of causality. Supplement remains unavailable; no supplement-only findings asserted.
Verification checklist
Liu 2023 BC1 — Observational facility comparison is not a process experiment
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