Kelly, Thomas J., Christine O’Connor, and Kieran N. Kilcawley. “Sources of Volatile Aromatic Congeners in Whiskey.” Beverages 9, no. 3 (2023): 64. https://doi.org/10.3390/beverages9030064.
The review distinguishes addition, interaction and subtraction during maturation. Wood species, prior use, seasoning and heating affect extraction of aldehydes, phenols, lactones and tannin-related compounds.
Kelly, Thomas J., Christine O’Connor, and Kieran N. Kilcawley. “Sources of Volatile Aromatic Congeners in Whiskey.” Beverages 9, no. 3 (2023): 64. https://doi.org/10.3390/beverages9030064.
Sections 4.4–4.4.3
Kelly, O’Connor, and Kilcawley, “Sources of Volatile Aromatic Congeners,” Sections 4.4–4.4.3.
Sections 4.4–4.4.3
Its virgin-USA-oak requirement for bourbon conflicts with 27 CFR 5.143(c), which specifies charred new oak, not American-grown oak. Three-year maturation is not a universal American rule. Section 4.4.1 first calls polymers fully soluble, then calls lignin insoluble: preserve that internal inconsistency. Model-wine evidence is not direct bourbon proof; extraction speed is not complete maturity. Publisher main HTML and bibliography read; figures and complete-file preservation pending.
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Source and locator
Sections 4.4–4.4.3
Formatted outputs
Kelly, Thomas J., Christine O’Connor, and Kieran N. Kilcawley. “Sources of Volatile Aromatic Congeners in Whiskey.” Beverages 9, no. 3 (2023): 64. https://doi.org/10.3390/beverages9030064.
Usage and verification
The review distinguishes addition, interaction and subtraction during maturation. Wood species, prior use, seasoning and heating affect extraction of aldehydes, phenols, lactones and tannin-related compounds.
Its virgin-USA-oak requirement for bourbon conflicts with 27 CFR 5.143(c), which specifies charred new oak, not American-grown oak. Three-year maturation is not a universal American rule. Section 4.4.1 first calls polymers fully soluble, then calls lignin insoluble: preserve that internal inconsistency. Model-wine evidence is not direct bourbon proof; extraction speed is not complete maturity.
Needs Review: source qualifications remain attached to this citation. Not placed in History or another publication. Main HTML read; figures and archive pending.