Different solvent/time/temperature settings confound any universal ranking of extraction mechanisms; non-detected entries lack supplied detection limits.
The reported p-coumaric acid concentration was20.4±1.72mg/100g dry spent grain after Ultra-Turrax extraction and14.0±1.14 after ultrasound; vanillic acid was3.1±0.8 versus10.0±1.03. These are prepared draff extracts, not whisky concentrations.
14
14
Table4
Checked against complete supplied20-page article and relevant visual tables; model-audit.json records independent arithmetic. Verified means source-faithful, not validation of the underlying experiment.
Evidence
The reported p-coumaric acid concentration was20.4±1.72mg/100g dry spent grain after Ultra-Turrax extraction and14.0±1.14 after ultrasound; vanillic acid was3.1±0.8 versus10.0±1.03. These are prepared draff extracts, not whisky concentrations.
Locator and assessment
Table4, pp14–14.
Different solvent/time/temperature settings confound any universal ranking of extraction mechanisms; non-detected entries lack supplied detection limits.