For intense modifiers, establish a low starting range through bench trials instead of treating a regulatory ceiling or published formula as a recommended dose.
The example separates legal permissibility from target fit and sensory dominance.
Although Canadian rules may permit a much larger addition of qualifying wine or spirit, Livermore says a wine modifier can overwhelm the whiskey at the legal maximum and may need to stop near a fraction of one percent.
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9.09 rule and sensory threshold
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