Extends the existing maturation-system model with a second cross-category test of path dependence and acceleration limits. Model-wine heating and age-marker convergence do not establish cellar or whiskey equivalence. Correct PDF480 g/L to µg/L using the cited abstract.
Comparative evidence from Port and Madeira. It does not establish American-whiskey equivalence or legal categories.
Fortified-wine studies distinguish biological, oxidative, heated, cask, and bottle pathways. Temperature, oxygen exposure, headspace, vessel permeability, composition, evaporation, and time interact, so an accelerated pathway may reproduce selected markers without reproducing the full traditional trajectory.
455
439
Chapter 13, §§13.3–13.4, Emerging Trends in Fortified Wines
Fresh whole-volume review September 28–29, 2026. Printed 439–455; PDF 464–480. Model-wine heating and age-marker convergence do not establish cellar or whiskey equivalence. Correct PDF480 g/L to µg/L using the cited abstract.
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