Useful for correcting literal readings of plate or stage counts in whiskey-column explanations.
Vogelpohl relates the mass-transfer model to the conventional theoretical-stage model.
Packed-column behavior is described through numbers and heights of transfer units tied to mass-transfer driving force. A theoretical stage is instead an equilibrium black box whose outgoing vapor and liquid are assumed to be in equilibrium. Real hardware therefore needs efficiency or transfer-height treatment rather than equating a theoretical stage with one physical tray.
34
30
3.4–3.5, Packed sections and theoretical stages
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