Map113 is not quantitative survey; variety-market numbers conflate categories; later song is not proof of colonial circulation.
Research paraphrase of this source, not an independent endorsement of its historical or technical claims.
Chapman narrative, stylized orchard map, Thacher1825 variety list and Baring-Gould1899 song connect apples with drinking culture.
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Chapman and apple diversity
Supplied PDF screens 111–126 read in text and images. Locator is PDF screen number, not print pagination. Verification means faithful source representation; qualifications remain attached.
No access / No access
Evidence
Chapman narrative, stylized orchard map, Thacher1825 variety list and Baring-Gould1899 song connect apples with drinking culture.
Location and context
Steven Grasse, Colonial Spirits (Abrams Image, 2016), supplied PDF screens 111–126: Chapman and apple diversity. These locators refer to the supplied screenshot PDF, not printed pagination. Research paraphrase; no verbatim quotation is being asserted.
Qualification
Map113 is not quantitative survey; variety-market numbers conflate categories; later song is not proof of colonial circulation.
Research links
Verification
Verification is of faithful source representation. It does not independently validate the author's historical, regulatory or health assertions.