Hirai, Hiro (ヒロ・ヒライ). 蒸留術とイスラム錬金術 [Distillation and Islamic Alchemy]. Supplied Japanese e-reader screenshot PDF, edition date unverified. Related article listed by the author in Aromatopia 48 (2001); exact supplied-edition identity not assumed.
Hirai dates Robert of Chester's Latin translation of Morienus to 1144, places it within twelfth-century Arabic-to-Latin transmission, and introduces thirteenth-century European interest in alchemy.
Hiro Hirai, 蒸留術とイスラム錬金術, supplied Japanese PDF, PDF p. 6. Analytical paraphrase; The exact date and earliest-translation priority need corroboration before public use. Even a verified translation date would document reception of a text, not invention of distillation or American whiskey.
Hirai, Hiro (ヒロ・ヒライ). 蒸留術とイスラム錬金術 [Distillation and Islamic Alchemy]. Supplied Japanese e-reader screenshot PDF, edition date unverified. Related article listed by the author in Aromatopia 48 (2001); exact supplied-edition identity not assumed. PDF p. 6.
PDF 6
PDF 6
Hirai, 蒸留術とイスラム錬金術, PDF p. 6.
Translation chronology is not invention chronology
Ready means the supplied artifact and locator can be recovered, not independent validation or publication approval. Japanese text visually read; no exact translation/quotation cleared. Exact supplied-edition date unverified; 2001 refers to related article lineage only.
No access / Whiskey Citations & Footnotes Database (USWA)
Citation-ready reference to the preserved supplied artifact; not publication approval.
Source and locator
No access · 
Supplied PDF 6–6; Translation chronology is not invention chronology.
Formatted outputs
Full citation: Hirai, Hiro (ヒロ・ヒライ). 蒸留術とイスラム錬金術 [Distillation and Islamic Alchemy]. Supplied Japanese e-reader screenshot PDF, edition date unverified. Related article listed by the author in Aromatopia 48 (2001); exact supplied-edition identity not assumed. PDF p. 6.
Short citation: Hirai, 蒸留術とイスラム錬金術, PDF p. 6.
Footnote: Hiro Hirai, 蒸留術とイスラム錬金術, supplied Japanese PDF, PDF p. 6. Analytical paraphrase; The exact date and earliest-translation priority need corroboration before public use. Even a verified translation date would document reception of a text, not invention of distillation or American whiskey.
Bibliography: Hirai, Hiro (ヒロ・ヒライ). 蒸留術とイスラム錬金術 [Distillation and Islamic Alchemy]. Supplied Japanese e-reader screenshot PDF, edition date unverified. Related article listed by the author in Aromatopia 48 (2001); exact supplied-edition identity not assumed.
Usage map
No public History placement or active manuscript use claimed. Native relations connect the supplied artifact, evidence and analysis.